Reading is an interactive-constructive process in which readers comprehend, interpret, and respond to text according to what they already know. Effective readers "have personal expectations about what they will get from a selection, and they bring those expectations to bear as they read by predicting and testing their predictions. They actively create meaning by constructing, or generating, relationships between what is within the text and what they already know" (Hennings, 1994, p. 456). See the diagram that follows.
In both the cognitive and affective positions, many factors affect the meaning that readers make of the text. Reading comprehension is influenced by the reader's world knowledge, linguistic knowledge, text structure knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge.
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